A tubo-ovarian abscess is a collection of pus involving the fallopian tubes and ovaries. This condition can be a complication of PID and requires immediate medical treatment.

PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can be caused by sexually transmitted diseases like chlamydia or gonorrhea. If left untreated, it can cause permanent damage to the reproductive system and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

It may involve ovary, fallopian tube, or both and is due to partial or complete twisting of the vascular pedicle, which results venous, arterial, and lymphatic obstruction until ovarian necrosis. Patients with ovarian torsion classically present with acute or sub-acute abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and mild shock. There may be lower abdominal tenderness, rigidity and tenderness.

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. If a cyst ruptures, it can cause intense pain and internal bleeding. Ovarian cyst may rupture spontaneously or traumatically and signs and symptoms will depend on the amount and character of the cyst content. Rupture of small cyst may be silent but large cyst rupture may cause peritonitis and shock. The contents of endometriotic and dermoid cysts are extremely irritant and hence cause severe symptoms such as abdominal pain, collapse and signs of acute abdomen. However, content of serous cyst are significantly less irritant. Rupture of mucinous cystadenoma leads to dissemination of cells causing development of pseudomyxoma peritonei.